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This chapter discusses the new challenges for vocational education and training (VET) in the knowledge economy and the need for VET colleges to respond to changes. VET colleges should expand their roles within regional communities to include an acknowledged involvement in innovative networks of companies. This chapter uses case studies from Dutch metal engineering and agriculture sectors, and a European survey of VET colleges in six European countries, to indicate that VET colleges have not as yet developed such a role. The chapter indicates the need to align college learning and working practices with those of the broader community, and with consideration of the regional economy.