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This paper is the first of a new series, Focus on Regions, which adds to the Bureau of Transport and Regional Economics’ (BTRE’s) regional research program, and aims to enhance understanding of economic and social factors that affect regions of Australia. This paper provides an analysis of statistical data concerning the industry structure of employment in regions across Australia. It examines trends in industry structure, and presents industry structure of employment at different regional levels. The paper examines the relationship between industry structure and a region’s economy, and highlights that: (1) differences between regional economic growth can be partly attributed to regional industry structure; (2) regions with a high rate of diversity in industry structure are more likely to experience more stable economic output; and (3) regional industry structure is related to regional economy size and level of regional remoteness.