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This chapter is part of a publication which examines unemployed youth and their risk of exclusion from society. The publication is based on data from a comparative study of youth unemployment and social exclusion (YUSE) in Europe. Nearly 17,000 unemployed youth from 10 European countries were surveyed. This particular chapter evaluates whether young people in temporary or occasional employment are on the pathway of integration into the labour market. Youth in Europe are increasingly employed in temporary positions. This chapter focuses on four countries: Finland, Norway, Scotland and Spain. The author draws on data from three tables: (1) Respondents underemployed by 10 hours or more; (2) Respondents receiving/received no training on the job; and (3) Respondents expecting to be unemployed one year ahead. It is concluded that temporarily employed youth are not necessarily sufficiently integrated into the labour market.

This chapter is part of a publication which examines unemployed youth and their risk of exclusion from society. The publication is based on data from a comparative study of youth unemployment and social exclusion (YUSE) in Europe. Nearly 17,000 unemployed youth from 10 European countries were surveyed. This particular chapter focuses on Finland, Sweden, Scotland and Spain; four countries with different rates of unemployment and different welfare schemes. Young people in each of these countries experience periods of unemployment between completing formal education and beginning a first full-time job. The authors identify patterns of labour market integration and marginalisation in the four countries, and investigate links between labour market transition and social exclusion. It is found that youth in Finland and Spain, where youth unemployment levels are high, did not experience correspondingly high levels of marginalistion and exclusion. It is also found that factors such as high benefit levels or strong financial support from family reduce negativity associated with unemployment. Finally, it is noted that social activity contributes to the prevention of social exclusion.

Unemployed youth are at risk of exclusion and marginalisation from society. This book examines various influences on young, unemployed individuals who may be at risk of social exclusion. In particular it examines the role of welfare and labour market policies. Data is drawn from a comparative study of youth unemployment and social exclusion (YUSE) in Europe. Nearly 17, 000 unemployed youth from 10 European countries were surveyed. Each chapter in the book analyses a different aspect of the comparative study. Different dimensions of exclusion or inclusion are considered including: employment; family situation; living conditions; social network; politics and society; and education. The main finding of the study was that few unemployed youth are socially marginalised, even in the participating countries with higher unemployment rates. Chapters in this publication include: Introduction / Torild Hammer; Method and research design / Jan Carle and Torild Hammer; Unemployment, integration and marginalisation: a comparative perspective on 18- to-24-year olds in Finland, Sweden, Scotland and Spain / Andy Furlong and Fred Cartmel; Processes of marginalisation at work: integration of young people in the labour market through temporary employment / Ivan Harslof; Recurrence of youth unemployment: a longitudinal comparative approach / Isabelle Recotillet and Patrick Werquin; Scheme participation and employment outcome of young unemployed people: empirical findings from nine European countries / Hans Dietrich; Youth participation in the labour market in Germany, Spain and Sweden / Floro Ernesto Caroleo and Francesco Pastore; Surviving unemployment a question of money or families? / Torild Hammer and Ilse Julkunen; Buffers and predictors of mental health problems among unemployed young women in countries with different breadwinner models / Ilse Julkunen and Ira Malmberg-Heimonen; Economic hardship, employment status and psychological wellbeing of young people in Europe / Jose Luis Alvaro and Alicia Garrido; Welfare regimes and political activity among unemployed young people / Jan Carle; Concluding remarks / Torild Hammer.