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The events over the last decade have shown that the state monopoly structure in the electricity supply industry is unsustainable, both in financial viability and in operational performance, and is evolving into a more competitive market. The object of reform is to improve the efficiency and generation by opening out the market to private operators to bridge the demand supply gap, and to reduce supply costs through competition. However this restructuring also has larger economic as well as social costs and benefits affecting human resources, which is the focus of this paper. In the context of the changing scenario in the power sector the paper argues for a greater role for human resource development, and specifically training for retention and redeployment. This paper examines the causes and remedial measures of market failure in training and recommends, on the basis of empirical evidence, a policy to support increase of public-private partnerships in training, along with enabling and regulatory mechanisms.