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Reducing unemployment and developing the human resources needed to compete in global markets are the two most urgent challenges facing Egypt. In this book, enterprise-based training (EBT) is offered as a key tool for responding to these challenges. Chapter one summarises the rapid changes in the Egyptian economy during recent years and provides an overview of the country’s progress towards economic restructuring. Chapter two evaluates two forms of EBT that are increasingly being used, in terms of their development objectives and the characteristics of their target groups. Chapter three presents two case studies of EBT, one oriented towards self-employment and the other towards improved productivity and industrial competitiveness through high quality skills training. Chapter four contains practical advice on EBT policy formation and program design. This chapter includes techniques designed to match training methods with target groups and to facilitate partnerships among training stakeholders.