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This report focuses on the results from the [Programme for International Student Assessment] PISA 2000 survey in terms of student approaches to learning, examining the learning strategies adopted by students, their motivation, and their confidence in their ability to learn. The results of the survey reveal strong correlation between student approaches to learning and measurable student outcomes. The results suggest that effective learning depends significantly on developing positive attitudes. The analysis identifies which learner characteristics are most common in 22 OECD and four non-OECD countries. Differences between the approaches to learning of a range of groups, including male and female students, and those from more and less advantaged social backgrounds, are noted.