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This article compares the backgrounds of trends in career and technical education (CTE) by comparing developments in Europe, the US and China, with the aim of formulating new directions and strategies for improving quality in CTE. The article finds that, in spite of differences in ideologies and evolving theories for education, there are common themes among the different countries such as the emphasis on work-based education and the integration of academic and vocational programs. A series of recommendations is given, including the need for curricula incorporating both technical skills and human and social factors, using career clusters as a framework for designing occupational programs and broadening the provision of education.