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This paper is about an alternative approach to the Australian competency based training (CBT) system in designing vocational education programs that help achieve the capabilities needed for work in the Australian post-industrial economy. It discusses an alternative approach based on emerging learning theory and a framework that structures curriculum into three broad components of planning, design and assessment. The approach involves incorporating new and emerging approaches in vocational education that are compatible with post-industrial society within the framework. Within the planning parameter for example, capabilities for post-industrial workplaces are highlighted. An emphasis on appropriate learning for higher order problem solving is included in the design parameter. The assessment parameter emphasises a wide range of evidence collection including individual participation in learning activities. The new framework represents a development beyond CBT that places a greater focus on the nature of learning, the development of general skills and ongoing learning.