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A major goal of disability policy is to ensure that disabled citizens are not excluded from society and can engage in gainful employment without being expelled from the labour market too easily and too early. Another important goal is to ensure that those who are disabled or who become disabled have income security and have the means to live decently because of disabilities which restrict their earning potential. This report provides a systematic analysis of a wide variety of labour market and social protection programs designed for people with disabilities. In providing an analysis of the relationship between policies and outcomes across 20 OECD countries, it highlights the dilemmas of disability policy and of successful policy elements or packages. The report concludes that a new disability policy approach would have more in common with unemployment programs by: emphasising activation; promoting tailored early intervention; removing disincentives to work; introducing a culture of mutual obligations; and involving employers. The analysis reveals that many countries' policies already include some elements which are important components in such a new approach. The chapters are: Summary of key findings; Objectives and analytical framework; Evidence on income and labour force participation; Compensation policy challenges; Integration policy challenges; A disability policy typology; Recent and forthcoming policy reforms; Policy conclusions. Annexes are: Technical annex; Classification for the policy typology; Characteristics of disability-related benefit schemes; Characteristics of the approach to employment promotion.