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The growth of the informal economy over the last 30 years poses a major challenge for ILO's decent work agenda and the development of skills and knowledge is seen as a solution to this problem. This paper on Belarus is one of a series of papers on skill development in the informal economy which was prepared as part of the InFocus Programme on Skills, Knowledge and Employability. It is based on the Systems of National Accounts data and presents the major characteristics of the informal sector of Belarus, focusing on the small business sector. The paper is structured as follows: the first section outlines the national and regional context of the informal sector; the second section discusses the problems of unemployment; the third section outlines the education system and the training needs in the informal sector; section four provides an example of vocational training for the unemployed seeking self-employment and individual entrepreneurship; and the final section presents the conclusions.