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The International Labour Organization (ILO) has decided to revise its Human Resources Development Recommendation of 1975 in response to the significant changes in economic and social conditions since its adoption. A new approach to learning and training is proposed in light of the impact of globalisation on the economy, labour markets and the world of work. The approach focuses on individual learning needs, involves social partners in the governance and financing of education and training, and provides access to learning and training opportunities over a lifetime for individuals. This definitive report highlights the shift towards an increasing reliance on human knowledge and skills to produce goods and services. It provides a detailed overview of the five major principles underlying contemporary human resources development and training policies, laws and practices. It also reviews the reforms being implemented in various countries that encourage more and better learning and training opportunities for employed and unemployed workers, as well as those with special needs. The report also examines international cooperation and donor policies in the area of human resources development. The chapters are: Towards knowledge- and skills-based economies and societies: new objectives and challenges of human resources development and training; Major principles underlying current human resources development and training policies, law and practice; Education, initial training and skills for employability and work; Learning and training for work in a lifelong perspective; International cooperation in human resources development: current and emerging trends; Concluding remarks. The appendices contain: Resolution and conclusions concerning human resources training and development; The Cologne Charter: aims and ambitions for lifelong learning; Education and training: a joint statement by BIAC (Business and Industry Advisory Committee) and TUAC (Trade Union Advisory Committee).