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The purpose of the project reported in this publication was to investigate the most effective ways whereby learners receive formal and informal support to assist them to complete vocational education and training (VET) within both VET institutions and enterprises. The project explored: similarities and differences between support by enterprises and VET institutions; whether informal support provided by enterprise trainers is equivalent to the formal support provided by VET institutions; whether teaching/learning situations in VET institutions and workplaces are so different that support needs are also different; the level of variation in the provision of learner support amongst VET institutions and enterprises; the potential impact of the use of group training companies on the availability of learner support; and the way integrated on- and off-the-job training provides learners and enterprises with ‘the best of both worlds’ in relation to supporting learning. A literature review was conducted and a case study approach was used to look at 11 organisations in depth. A set of key indicators and accompanying descriptors for successful learner support was developed.