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This publication outlines some of the most important trends and reforms that have taken place within the Swedish vocational education and training (VET) system during the 1990s. It discusses how educational policy makers in Sweden are trying to find new combinations of the traditional apprenticeship model and the dual system on the one hand, and the use of a more integrated system on the other. It suggests that lifelong learning has to be analysed in a more specific context with respect to closing specific skill shortages and implementing social, economic and institutional measures to enhance skill upgrading, on-the-job training and lifelong learning for various groups.