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The International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP) has worked jointly with five national research teams to analyse and compare the recent education-decentralisation experiences in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico. A group of national and international experts met at a regional seminar in Rio de Janeiro to study and discuss the reports in order to draw out the important lessons. They also explored the prospects of education decentralisation in Latin America and the accompanying challenges for educational planning, and research, training, exchange, and cooperation needs. This report on the work of the research teams and the outcomes of the regional seminar, is presented in three major sections: part one provides a study of decentralisation processes as they relate to the practice of educational planning; part two presents five cases of decentralisation and planning of national education systems in Latin America (Chile / Ivan Nunez Prieto; Brazil / Alberto de Mello e Souza; Argentina / Silvia Novick de Senen Gonzalez; Mexico / Maria Eugenia Reyes; Colombia / Alfredo Sarmiento Gomez); part three contains the contribution of the regional seminar - a comparative analysis of the five countries and an outlook for future action.