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The Netherlands-based Stoas Group conducts socio-economic research on the function of the labour market and analyses aspects of competence development. The Group also focuses on educational research, with particular interest in educational design and learning processes, organisational issues and curriculum design of vocational education and training (VET). The Stoas Group also participates in projects funded by the European Union. This Stoas Group publication provides an introduction to competence-based education (CBE) and describes the process of CBE in terms of support, development, implementation and evaluation. Experiences from the Stoas Group's international projects are used to illustrate the implementation of CBE. Chapter one provides a brief explanation of the term competence and gaining competence. It then discusses the difference between competence and qualifications, and examines the tasks of vocational education and training. Chapter two examines the relationship between competences in the labour market and in education and training. Chapter three explores the translation of competences from the labour market into an educational structure and a curriculum. Chapter four discusses the implications of implementing CBE within educational practice. Chapter fives examines the assessment and accreditation of competences and the final chapter covers the development of policy and the role of research.