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Education remains a critical issue in African countries with low levels of participation and high rates of illiteracy continuing to pose major challenges for governments in the twenty-first century. As a result of consultation between African leaders and other stakeholders concerned about development priorities in their continent, it has been recommended that technical and vocational education and training (TVET) be given a prominent place in secondary education. This chapter examines and discusses some of the most common approaches to this initiative in selected African countries. The aim is to identify evidence associating vocational and technical education with national development and the promotion of an entrepreneurial culture. Aspects discussed include TVET in national development policy frameworks, the TVET curricula, the role of TVET in industrialisation and human resource development, and achievements in the areas of TVET legislation, policy orientation, financing, links with small and medium-scale enterprises, and individual development.