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This publication examines the changing nature of work in Australia and explores the changes that have affected working life since 1983, their causes and consequences, and proposes strategies to promote workplace justice and efficiency in the future. The discussion is based on a decade of commissioned research undertaken by the Australian Centre for Industrial Relations Research and Training (ACIRRT), ACIRRT's database of registered enterprise agreements, data taken from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), and the Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Surveys (AWIRS) of 1990 and 1995. Some of the major issues explored are: the emerging gap between higher and lower paid groups of workers in the labour market; the impact of enterprise bargaining in workplace relations on the role of unions; the managerialisation of the workforce where workers are impelled to negotiate salary packages in competition with fellow workers; the intensification of work and longer working hours; technological change; retrenchment; new workplace ideologies; increasing employment insecurity; and a rise in the casualisation of work, temporary jobs and outsourcing of work. The book concludes with a discussion of policy and proposes solutions which acknowledge new workplace realities and consider the needs of employees as well as economic productivity and competitiveness.