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In this chapter, the author examines the National Vocational Qualifications (NVQ) framework which was designed to provide a relevant, work-related system of qualifications for improving the skill level of the workforce in the United Kingdom (UK) and thereby its economic performance. He questions whether the framework has been able to achieve its aim, and concludes that the framework's emphasis on competence instead of capabilities leads to dependence and powerlessness. He suggests that what is needed is a reconceptualisation of the nature of competence, training and work to facilitate access to vocational education and training for all members of the workforce and thereby strengthen the democratic values of fairness, justice and equality.