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This chapter looks at the types of changes that appear to be taking place in the social construction of the life course that impinge on the modalities of youth transitions and the kinds of flexibilities that are demanded of individuals and forms of social organisations in 'knowledge societies'. The author suggests that there is a social reconstruction of the youth phase in the making which will lead to a new balance between formal and nonformal credentials and at the same time to more polarisation of life chances in the systems of education and employment. She suggests establishing community-based and case-centred vocational and career counselling to give support and orientation to young people.