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This paper reviews the development of human resource practices in the industrial sector in China since the commencement of economic reforms in the late 1970s. It highlights the changes in the categorisation of human resources and emergence of human resource management (HRM) in China. The development of HRM in Chinese industrial enterprises is discussed in terms of the five major HRM activities: staffing policies and practices, performance appraisal, compensation and welfare, training and development, and labour relations. The paper concludes with the implications of HRM development in China for human resource professionals and practitioners.