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Very few systematic studies have been conducted on the managerial practices of Chinese Township and Village Enterprises (TVEs) despite their increasing contribution to China's economic development. Focusing on human resource management (HRM) practices in ten different TVE organisations in a new city in southeastern China, this study aims at filling a gap in the literature by exploring the general HRM practices in those organisations. Results show that HRM practices in TVEs, although still relatively primitive compared to those in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have been much more formalised recently. The study points out that the firm size may be an institutional factor affecting the implementation of formal HRM practices. Yet, regardless of the form of personnel management, HRM practices are shown to be a very important factor in the economic success of TVE firms.