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This chapter provides a comparative analysis of the educational systems in Korea and Brazil. It finds that a substantial proportion of the marked difference between Brazil and Korea in the inequality of pay is attributable to differences in their educational policy regime. The labour market consequences of slow educational expansion in Brazil during the 1970s and 1980s were disequalising: increases in the demand for skilled labour offset increases in the supply of skilled labour, so that the relative wage of skilled labour did not decline. Between 1976 and 1985, the inequality of pay associated with education actually increased in Brazil, while in Korea, greater increases in the supply of educated labour resulted in reductions in inequality. The authors conclude that a substantial proportion of the marked difference between Korea and Brazil in inequality of pay appears to be attributable to the difference in their educational policy regime.