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Wide variations exist in the provision of support services for Indigenous students in Australian TAFE, despite the recognition by TAFE systems of the special needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students. Special support units and specifically tailored services and programs have been established yet these students remain disadvantaged in terms of participation rates in all but preparatory level courses and in outcomes of vocational education and training. The need was seen to establish a clearer definition of what constitutes an appropriate and adequate provision of student services for Indigenous students in the vocational education and training sector, and to benchmark key elements of these services so as to assist in their planning and evaluation. Rather than making recommendations that states and territories may find difficult to accept, the report proposes a framework against which localised benchmarking can be developed based on the contextual needs of students and institutes. The framework cross-references a range of educational and contextual influences with the performance indicators designed to measure progress towards the principles identified for the provision of student services for Indigenous students.