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This chapter provides an overview of the evolution of welfare-to-work in the United States of America (USA) and identifies the key issues for local program administrators and advisory boards and concludes with some suggestions on the next step that should be taken in the process. It provides a summary of the major welfare-to-work initiatives in the USA over the past thirty years and a description of the primary provisions in the current program. Welfare policy in the USA has been significantly influenced by political debate since the War on Poverty began in 1964, with two opposing views expressed, one side believes that government has a responsibility to assist individuals who cannot support themselves, the other side contends that public assistance obligates the recipient to work in exchange for government support. The author emphasises that the analysis is not intended to be all-inclusive, but rather suggests some of the policies and perspectives leading to the current policy and calls for further investigation and research.