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Traditional welfare and unemployment policies have been unable to deal with the problems of high unemployment and exclusion in OECD countries and recently a wave of new approaches has emerged together with new political notions of welfare-to-work. This publication describes these new approaches in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, France and the Netherlands. These countries are all relying increasingly on local agencies to design and manage policy to try to develop the skills and resources needed within local areas. It provides analysis of the approaches used to implement effective welfare-to-work policies. This publication contains the following chapters: Creating the balance between local flexibility and a central framework; Making local partnerships work; Promising local policy tools; Conclusion and perspectives for the future; A comparison of local approaches to welfare-to-work in the United States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands / Dan Finn; Issues raised by welfare reform in the United States / Robert Straits; Welfare-to-work partnerships: lessons from the United Kingdom / Mike Campbell, Simon Foy and Jo Hutchinson; United States experience in engaging the business sector in welfare-to-work policies / Lyn Hogan; Social enterprises: a local tool for welfare-to-work policies / Carlo Borzaga; New approaches to public income support in Canada / Alice Nakamura, Ging Wong and W. Erwin Diewert.