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This case study is one of a series examining research policy and strategy within four different national educational systems. This case study of the national educational system of England and Wales, explores the scope and nature of the educational research policy, the means by which national policy and research agendas are formulated, and how these are implemented in practice. The author describes the role of central and local government, government agencies, universities and independent organisations, in funding, coordinating and implementing educational research. The paper covers the development of the predominant educational research traditions, and the relationship between educational research and educational reform, particularly the impact of research on policy-making and practice in recent years. In conclusion, the author contemplates the research directions, educational reforms and challenges likely to be encountered by the nation's education system on approaching the new millennium.