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This paper was presented at Vocational education at a distance: the Asia and the Pacific region workshop (TD/IRD 88.96). Vocational education and training figures among those areas requiring more serious attention. How the vocational education and training system can be adjusted to meet the needs of future industrial development should be the subject of a national effort. In this regard the dual system for vocational education and training is a most appropriate role model. Indonesia can learn from the experience of industrial countries like Germany, Switzerland and others in fashioning its own unique brand of vocational education and training. Critical policy decisions and commitments would have to be made at an early stage. This includes commitment at the highest level of the Indonesian government as well as from public and private industries, and formalised through special vocational education and training legislation. Subsequent tasks to be executed are large and complex, including establishing a qualification and certification system, strengthening of trade and industry association and development of curricula. If the various tasks are embedded in a logical long-term programmatic approach, recognising the interests of various parties, then it is believed that Indonesia will be able to be successful in providing a technology literate workforce.