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This report reviews literature on the outcomes of vocational education and training (VET) for young people, focusing on three main themes: (1) Does VET work for young people? (2) Does VET work equally well for all groups of young people? (3) Does the institutional framework within which VET is delivered matter? The report concludes that VET works well for young people. However, it is difficult to say whether VET works well for all groups of young people as VET does not recruit equally from all social groups. International research suggests that the effectiveness of VET in terms of student outcomes does depend on the framework of the delivery. The chapters are: Introduction: the growing importance of VET; Which groups of young people benefit most from VET?; The framework for the delivery of VET; Post-school VET; A concluding note.