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This paper analyses the different perceptions of complementarity held by apprentices, host employers and institute teachers. It strives to understand the diverse meanings of complementarity and discusses the relationship between work and college and the integration of learning. Apprentices' development towards 'competent tradespersons' is dependent upon individual abilities to integrate both complementary and contradictory messages from their different learning environments. The research suggests that complementarity of the two learning environments is an ideal worth striving for and that greater effort is required in building 'learning communities'.